Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the United States in the 1940s and is characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. It emphasizes the expressive potential of color, form, and brushwork, often conveying emotional depth without the need for representational subjects. This movement signifies a departure from traditional artistic techniques, focusing instead on individual expression and the act of painting itself.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism is often regarded as the first major American art movement, paving the way for modern and contemporary art.
2. The movement was influenced by earlier European avant-garde movements like Surrealism and Cubism, which encouraged artists to explore their subconscious.
3. Prominent artists associated with abstract expressionism include Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning, each contributing unique styles within the movement.
4. The New York School refers to a group of abstract expressionist artists who were central to the movement and had a significant impact on post-World War II art.
5. Abstract expressionism shifted the art world's focus from Europe to America, particularly New York City, establishing it as a new center for artistic innovation.

Review Questions

• How did abstract expressionism change the perception of what art could be during its emergence?
  • Abstract expressionism transformed the perception of art by emphasizing personal expression over traditional representation. Artists explored new techniques that prioritized spontaneity and emotional depth rather than specific subjects or forms. This shift allowed for a broader interpretation of artistic value, paving the way for future movements and redefining what constituted 'art' in a post-war context.
• Discuss the relationship between abstract expressionism and earlier movements such as Surrealism and Cubism.
  • Abstract expressionism is deeply rooted in earlier movements like Surrealism and Cubism, which influenced its development. Surrealism's focus on tapping into the unconscious mind encouraged artists to embrace spontaneity and instinct in their work. Similarly, Cubism's innovative approach to form and perspective laid groundwork for abstract expressionists to experiment with abstraction and subjective reality, pushing artistic boundaries further.
• Evaluate the impact of abstract expressionism on contemporary art movements and how it continues to influence artists today.
  • The impact of abstract expressionism on contemporary art is profound, as it challenged previous conventions and opened doors for various artistic expressions. Its emphasis on individual creativity and emotional resonance can be seen in many modern movements such as minimalism, conceptual art, and installation art. Today, artists continue to draw inspiration from the techniques and philosophies of abstract expressionism, demonstrating its lasting legacy in shaping contemporary artistic practices.

Related terms

Action Painting: A style within abstract expressionism where the act of painting is emphasized, often involving vigorous brushwork and an emphasis on movement.

Color Field Painting: A subgenre of abstract expressionism that focuses on large expanses of color applied in a flat manner, aiming to evoke emotional responses.

Surrealism: An avant-garde movement that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, influencing abstract expressionism's emphasis on spontaneity.