key term - Backward-looking center

Definition

A backward-looking center refers to an entity in discourse that is established based on previously mentioned participants or topics, helping to maintain coherence in conversation. This concept plays a critical role in centering theory, where it helps listeners track the flow of information by referencing earlier discourse elements, facilitating a clearer understanding of who or what is currently relevant in a dialogue.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Backward-looking centers are crucial for maintaining coherence in discourse by linking current statements to previously mentioned entities.
2. These centers can change throughout a conversation as different participants or topics become more or less relevant.
3. In centering theory, there are typically three types of centers: backward-looking, forward-looking, and new centers, each serving a different role in discourse tracking.
4. Listeners rely on backward-looking centers to recall past references, which enhances their comprehension of ongoing conversations.
5. Discourse can become confusing if backward-looking centers are not clearly established, leading to ambiguity about who or what is being referred to.

Review Questions

• How do backward-looking centers facilitate coherence in conversation?
  • Backward-looking centers help maintain coherence in conversation by connecting current discourse to previously mentioned participants or topics. This connection allows listeners to keep track of relevant information and understand the context of ongoing discussions. When speakers reference entities that have already been introduced, it reinforces continuity and reduces ambiguity, making it easier for listeners to follow along.
• Discuss the relationship between backward-looking centers and centering theory in discourse analysis.
  • In centering theory, backward-looking centers are one of several types of discourse entities that help speakers and listeners manage attention within conversations. They specifically refer to previously mentioned participants or topics, creating a reference point for both parties. This dynamic allows for a structured way of maintaining coherence as conversations progress, as speakers can build upon established centers while introducing new information or changing focus.
• Evaluate the potential impact of ineffective use of backward-looking centers on communication and understanding.
  • Ineffective use of backward-looking centers can significantly hinder communication by creating confusion and ambiguity. If speakers fail to reference established entities properly or introduce them too late, listeners may struggle to grasp the intended meaning. This breakdown in clarity can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and even conflicts in conversations, particularly when discussing complex topics where multiple participants or ideas are involved.

Related terms

centering theory: A theoretical framework that describes how speakers and listeners track participants in discourse through the use of centers, which include backward-looking and forward-looking centers.

discourse coherence:

The logical connections and consistency between elements in a discourse that help listeners understand the overall message being conveyed.

forward-looking center: An entity in discourse that anticipates future mentions or references, guiding the listener's attention to what will be important later in the conversation.