Problem-solving

Definition

Problem-solving is the cognitive process of identifying, analyzing, and finding solutions to complex issues or challenges. This process involves various mental strategies and skills that enable individuals to navigate obstacles, often relying on working memory to hold and manipulate information. The effectiveness of problem-solving can be influenced by various factors, including the individual's cognitive abilities, the complexity of the problem, and the context in which the problem occurs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Effective problem-solving often requires breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts to understand them better.
2. Working memory plays a crucial role in problem-solving as it allows individuals to hold relevant information and manipulate it as needed during the process.
3. Different strategies, such as heuristics and algorithms, can be employed in problem-solving, with heuristics often being faster but less accurate than algorithms.
4. Collaboration and social interaction can enhance problem-solving capabilities by providing diverse perspectives and solutions.
5. Problem-solving skills are essential in various fields, including education, engineering, and everyday life situations.

Review Questions

• How does working memory influence the problem-solving process?
  • Working memory is vital for problem-solving as it allows individuals to temporarily hold and manipulate information necessary for analyzing a problem. This cognitive resource enables people to integrate new information with existing knowledge, helping them develop strategies and evaluate potential solutions. If working memory is overloaded or compromised, it can hinder effective problem-solving by making it difficult to keep track of relevant details.
• What are the differences between heuristics and algorithms in problem-solving, and when might each be more appropriate to use?
  • Heuristics are mental shortcuts that simplify decision-making, often leading to quicker but sometimes inaccurate solutions. Algorithms, on the other hand, are systematic procedures that guarantee a solution if applied correctly but may take longer. Heuristics are often more suitable for everyday problems where speed is prioritized over precision, while algorithms are better for complex problems where a guaranteed correct answer is needed.
• Evaluate how collaboration among individuals affects their ability to solve problems creatively and effectively.
  • Collaboration can significantly enhance creative and effective problem-solving by bringing together diverse viewpoints, expertise, and experiences. When individuals work together, they can share knowledge and brainstorm solutions that might not be apparent when working alone. Furthermore, collaborative environments can foster an open exchange of ideas that encourages innovative thinking and helps overcome cognitive biases that may limit individual problem-solving capabilities.

Related terms

Cognitive Load:

The total amount of mental effort being used in working memory while solving a problem.

Heuristics:

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making and problem-solving processes.

Algorithms:

Step-by-step procedures or formulas for solving problems that guarantee a solution if followed correctly.