key term - Bhikkhuni

Definition

A bhikkhuni is a fully ordained female monk in Buddhism, who has taken the vows and entered the monastic community. This term highlights the role of women in Buddhist monastic life and their contributions to the Sangha, the community of monks and nuns. Bhikkhunis are vital for preserving teachings, practicing meditation, and supporting the spiritual growth of all practitioners.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The ordination of bhikkhunis has historical roots that trace back to the time of the Buddha, who established a monastic order for women, allowing them to achieve enlightenment.
2. In many traditions, bhikkhunis face unique challenges in gaining recognition and support within the broader Buddhist community due to cultural and institutional barriers.
3. The revival of bhikkhuni ordination has gained momentum in recent years, with many communities advocating for equal status for female monks in Theravada and other Buddhist traditions.
4. Bhikkhunis engage in various practices, including teaching, meditation, and community service, which contribute significantly to the spiritual life of lay followers.
5. The existence of bhikkhunis enhances gender equality within Buddhism, promoting the idea that both men and women can pursue spiritual development on equal footing.

Review Questions

• How do bhikkhunis contribute to the monastic life and what roles do they play within the Sangha?
  • Bhikkhunis play a crucial role in maintaining the monastic life by teaching, preserving the Dharma, and guiding lay practitioners on their spiritual journeys. Their contributions ensure that Buddhist teachings are accessible to both men and women, fostering an inclusive environment within the Sangha. Additionally, bhikkhunis engage in community service and meditation practices that support the overall well-being of their communities.
• Discuss the historical context of bhikkhuni ordination and its impact on women's roles in Buddhism.
  • Historically, bhikkhuni ordination was established during the Buddha's lifetime, marking a significant step towards women's participation in spiritual practice. However, over time, various cultural and societal factors led to a decline in the ordination of women in certain Buddhist traditions. The impact of this history has been profound, as it influenced perceptions of women's roles in Buddhism and created barriers that many communities are now working to overcome through revival efforts.
• Evaluate the implications of recognizing bhikkhunis as equal members within the Sangha for contemporary Buddhism.
  • Recognizing bhikkhunis as equal members within the Sangha has far-reaching implications for contemporary Buddhism. It challenges traditional gender norms and promotes inclusivity, allowing women to fully engage in spiritual practice as teachers and leaders. This recognition fosters an environment where both genders can contribute equally to preserving and sharing Buddhist teachings. Moreover, it can inspire a new generation of practitioners who see a more equitable representation within their spiritual communities.

Related terms

Sangha:

The collective term for the monastic community of monks and nuns in Buddhism, essential for maintaining the teachings of the Buddha.

Vinaya:

The regulatory framework for the Buddhist monastic community that includes rules and guidelines for ethical conduct and discipline.

bhikkhu:

A fully ordained male monk in Buddhism, who shares similar responsibilities and commitments as a bhikkhuni within the Sangha.