Ara Pacis

Definition

The Ara Pacis, or Altar of Peace, is an ancient Roman monument dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of peace, and was commissioned by the Senate in 13 BCE to honor Emperor Augustus's return from Hispania and Gaul. This altar is an important representation of Roman art and propaganda, showcasing the ideals of peace and prosperity during Augustus's reign while reflecting significant elements of portraiture and wall painting through its intricate relief sculptures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Ara Pacis is notable for its detailed relief panels depicting mythological scenes, processions, and allegorical figures that symbolize peace and prosperity.
2. Built between 13 BCE and 9 BCE, it was originally located in the Campus Martius area of Rome, serving as a public display of Augustus's achievements.
3. The altar features a frieze that includes both historical figures and divine imagery, emphasizing the connection between Augustus's leadership and divine approval.
4. The Ara Pacis is a key example of how Roman art utilized realism in portraiture, capturing the likenesses of individuals involved in the ceremonial processions depicted on the altar.
5. In modern times, the Ara Pacis has been relocated to a museum designed by architect Richard Meier, enhancing its visibility and accessibility to visitors.

Review Questions

• How does the design and decoration of the Ara Pacis reflect the political agenda of Augustus during his reign?
  • The Ara Pacis was designed to promote Augustus’s image as a bringer of peace and prosperity following his military campaigns. The intricate reliefs celebrate not only historical events but also divine favor, suggesting that Augustus's leadership was sanctioned by the gods. This connection between the emperor and deities reinforces Augustus's authority and positions him as a pivotal figure in bringing about the Pax Romana.
• Compare the artistic techniques used in the Ara Pacis with those found in earlier Roman art. What innovations does it showcase?
  • The Ara Pacis showcases innovations in realism and narrative style compared to earlier Roman art, particularly through its detailed relief sculptures. The use of depth and perspective creates a more lifelike representation of figures, moving away from the flatter forms typical of earlier styles. Additionally, the integration of both mythological themes and contemporary historical events within one cohesive narrative illustrates a shift towards using art as a tool for political propaganda.
• Evaluate the significance of the Ara Pacis in understanding Roman values and ideology during the early Imperial period.
  • The Ara Pacis is crucial for understanding Roman values as it embodies key ideological themes such as peace (Pax) and divine favor. Through its depictions of familial lineage, religious observance, and civic duty within its reliefs, it highlights the importance Romans placed on ancestry and moral conduct. Analyzing this monument provides insights into how Augustus aimed to reshape Roman identity through art, emphasizing stability, unity, and a return to traditional values during his rule.

Related terms

Pax Romana: A period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire lasting approximately 200 years, beginning with the reign of Augustus.

Relief Sculpture: A sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material, commonly used in Roman art for storytelling and decoration.

Augustus: The first Roman emperor, ruling from 27 BCE until his death in 14 CE, known for initiating the Pax Romana and significant reforms in Roman governance and culture.