key term - Overcompensation

Definition

Overcompensation is a psychological defense mechanism in which an individual unconsciously develops a trait or behavior to compensate for perceived shortcomings or weaknesses. This concept is particularly relevant in the context of the Neo-Freudian theorists, such as Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney, who explored the ways in which individuals strive to overcome feelings of inferiority or insecurity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Overcompensation is a common defense mechanism used by individuals to cope with feelings of inadequacy or low self-worth.
2. Adler's theory of Individual Psychology emphasizes the role of overcompensation in an individual's striving for superiority and overcoming perceived weaknesses.
3. Erikson's psychosocial stages of development highlight how overcompensation can arise during certain life crises, such as the need to establish identity or intimacy.
4. Jung's concept of the persona, or the social mask an individual presents to the world, is often a manifestation of overcompensation to meet societal expectations.
5. Horney's theory of neurotic needs describes how overcompensation can lead to the development of maladaptive behaviors, such as the need for power or affection.

Review Questions

• Explain how the concept of overcompensation is relevant to Adler's theory of Individual Psychology.
  • In Adler's theory, overcompensation is a central concept. Adler believed that individuals strive to overcome feelings of inferiority or weakness by developing compensatory traits or behaviors. This striving for superiority, or overcompensation, is a key driver of human motivation and personality development. Adler saw overcompensation as a way for individuals to cope with their perceived shortcomings and ultimately achieve a sense of mastery and self-worth.
• Describe how Erikson's psychosocial stages of development relate to the concept of overcompensation.
  • Erikson's psychosocial stages of development highlight how overcompensation can arise during certain life crises. For example, during the identity versus role confusion stage, adolescents may overcompensate by adopting exaggerated or extreme behaviors in an effort to establish a strong sense of self. Similarly, in the intimacy versus isolation stage, individuals may overcompensate for feelings of vulnerability by developing a strong need for affection or control in their relationships. Overcompensation is a way for individuals to cope with the challenges and insecurities inherent in Erikson's psychosocial stages.
• Analyze how Jung's concept of the persona relates to the idea of overcompensation.
  • Jung's concept of the persona, or the social mask an individual presents to the world, is often a manifestation of overcompensation. Individuals may develop a persona that does not accurately reflect their true selves in an effort to meet societal expectations and overcome perceived weaknesses. This overcompensation allows them to present a more idealized or socially acceptable version of themselves, while potentially suppressing or denying aspects of their personality that they deem undesirable. The persona, as a form of overcompensation, can thus be seen as a defense mechanism that helps individuals navigate the demands of the external world and maintain a sense of self-worth.

Related terms

Compensation: The process of developing a trait or behavior to make up for a perceived weakness or deficiency.

Inferiority Complex:

A psychological condition in which an individual feels inadequate or inferior, often leading to overcompensation.

Sublimation:

The redirection of unacceptable impulses or desires into socially acceptable behaviors or activities.