key term - Cross-Race Effect

Definition

The cross-race effect, also known as the other-race effect, refers to the phenomenon where individuals have more difficulty recognizing and remembering faces of people from a different racial or ethnic group than their own. This effect has important implications for memory and eyewitness identification in the context of problems with memory.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The cross-race effect is a well-documented phenomenon in the field of face recognition and memory.
2. It has been observed across various racial and ethnic groups, with individuals generally performing better at recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group.
3. The cross-race effect is thought to be related to the concept of perceptual expertise, where individuals develop greater expertise in recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group due to more frequent exposure and experience.
4. Ingroup bias, where individuals show more positive attitudes and behaviors towards members of their own social group, may also contribute to the cross-race effect.
5. The cross-race effect has important implications for eyewitness identification and memory, as it can lead to higher rates of misidentification of individuals from different racial or ethnic backgrounds.

Review Questions

• Explain how the cross-race effect relates to problems with memory in the context of eyewitness identification.
  • The cross-race effect can contribute to problems with memory in the context of eyewitness identification. Individuals tend to have more difficulty recognizing and remembering faces of people from a different racial or ethnic group than their own, which can lead to higher rates of misidentification of suspects in eyewitness testimony. This effect is thought to be related to the concept of perceptual expertise, where individuals develop greater expertise in recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group due to more frequent exposure and experience. The cross-race effect can therefore have significant implications for the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification, which is a crucial aspect of the criminal justice system.
• Describe how ingroup bias and the cross-race effect might interact to influence memory and perception.
  • The cross-race effect and ingroup bias are closely related phenomena that can influence memory and perception. Ingroup bias, the tendency to show more positive attitudes and behaviors towards members of one's own social group, can contribute to the cross-race effect by leading individuals to pay more attention to and better remember faces of people from their own racial or ethnic group. This, in turn, can result in individuals having greater perceptual expertise and better memory for faces of their own group members compared to faces of individuals from different racial or ethnic backgrounds. The interplay between ingroup bias and the cross-race effect can have significant implications for how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with people from different racial or ethnic groups, which is an important consideration in the context of problems with memory.
• Evaluate the potential impact of the cross-race effect on the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification in the criminal justice system.
  • The cross-race effect can have a significant impact on the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification in the criminal justice system. Because individuals tend to have more difficulty recognizing and remembering faces of people from a different racial or ethnic group than their own, eyewitness testimony involving cross-race identification may be more prone to errors and misidentifications. This can lead to wrongful convictions and undermine the integrity of the criminal justice system. To address this issue, it is important to educate law enforcement, legal professionals, and the general public about the cross-race effect and its implications. Additionally, implementing evidence-based procedures, such as using multiple eyewitnesses or incorporating cross-racial facial recognition training, can help mitigate the impact of the cross-race effect and improve the accuracy of eyewitness identification. Ultimately, addressing the cross-race effect is crucial for ensuring the fairness and reliability of the criminal justice system.

Related terms

Facial Recognition: The cognitive process of identifying and remembering the unique features of a person's face, which can be influenced by the cross-race effect.

Ingroup Bias: The tendency to show more positive attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions towards members of one's own social group compared to members of other groups.

Perceptual Expertise: The ability to quickly and accurately recognize and differentiate between faces, which can be impacted by the cross-race effect due to lack of experience with other-race faces.