Electromagnetic Spectrum: The full range of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays, arranged by wavelength or frequency.
Ionizing Radiation:Radiation with enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, creating charged particles or ions, which can damage DNA and other biological molecules.
Photochemical Reactions: Chemical reactions driven by the absorption of light energy, which can cause changes in the structure and properties of molecules.