Efficiency is a measure of how well energy or work input is converted into useful work output. It is often expressed as a percentage and calculated as the ratio of useful output to total input.
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Efficiency can never exceed 100% due to the conservation of energy and real-world losses such as friction and heat dissipation.
The formula for efficiency is $\text{Efficiency} = \left( \frac{\text{Useful Energy Output}}{\text{Total Energy Input}} \right) \times 100$.
In physics, efficiency helps determine how effectively a machine or system converts energy from one form to another.
Higher efficiency means less energy waste, making systems more sustainable and cost-effective.
Common examples include the efficiency of engines, electrical appliances, and renewable energy systems.
Work is done when a force applied to an object moves that object in the direction of the force. It is calculated as $W = Fd$, where $F$ is force and $d$ is displacement.
The principle stating that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant over time. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transformed from one form to another.