Bernoulli’s principle states that in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a streamline is constant. This means that an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or potential energy.
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Bernoulli’s principle is derived from the conservation of energy for flowing fluids.
It explains why airplane wings generate lift; faster airflow over the top surface reduces pressure, creating lift.
The principle can be mathematically expressed as $P + \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2 + \rho gh = \text{constant}$ where $P$ is pressure, $\rho$ is density, $v$ is velocity, and $h$ is height.
Applications include fluid flow in pipes, blood flow in arteries, and functioning of carburetors.
In real-life applications, factors like viscosity and turbulence may cause deviations from ideal Bernoulli behavior.
Review Questions
How does Bernoulli’s principle explain the lift force on an airplane wing?
What are the components of Bernoulli's equation?
Which real-world applications can you identify that utilize Bernoulli's principle?