Transmutation

Definition

Transmutation is the process of changing one chemical element into another through nuclear reactions. It typically involves altering the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Transmutation can occur naturally, such as in radioactive decay, or be induced artificially in a laboratory or nuclear reactor.
2. The process often involves alpha decay, beta decay, or neutron capture.
3. Artificial transmutation was first achieved by Ernest Rutherford in 1919 when he converted nitrogen into oxygen.
4. It is a key concept in the synthesis of new elements and isotopes, especially those not found in nature.
5. Transmutation plays a crucial role in the management of nuclear waste by converting long-lived isotopes into more stable ones.

Review Questions

• What is transmutation and how does it alter an atom?
• Describe a method to achieve artificial transmutation.
• Why is transmutation important for managing nuclear waste?

Related terms

Alpha Decay: A type of radioactive decay where an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons) and transforms into a new element.

Beta Decay: A form of radioactive decay where a beta particle (electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus, resulting in the change of a neutron to a proton or vice versa.

Neutron Capture: A nuclear reaction where an atomic nucleus absorbs a neutron, which may result in the formation of a heavier isotope or induce radioactive decay.