The standard state of a substance is its pure form at a specified temperature (usually 298 K) and pressure (1 bar). It serves as a reference point for thermodynamic calculations.
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The standard state is typically defined at 298 K and 1 bar pressure.
It provides a baseline for measuring enthalpy changes in chemical reactions.
In the standard state, elements are in their most stable form (e.g., O2 for oxygen, N2 for nitrogen).
Standard enthalpy of formation refers to the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound forms from its elements in their standard states.
Gases in their standard state are considered ideal gases.