Electromagnetic spectrum

Definition

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays. It encompasses various wavelengths and frequencies, each corresponding to different types of energy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength ($\lambda$) and frequency ($\nu$), which are inversely proportional.
2. The visible spectrum, which includes all colors seen by the human eye, ranges from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red).
3. Energy of electromagnetic radiation is quantized and can be calculated using $E = h\nu$, where $E$ is energy, $h$ is Planck's constant, and $\nu$ is frequency.
4. Different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum interact with matter in unique ways; for example, UV light can cause electron transitions while infrared light causes molecular vibrations.
5. X-rays and gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest energies within the electromagnetic spectrum.

Review Questions

• What are the key characteristics that define a type of electromagnetic radiation within the spectrum?
• How does the energy of electromagnetic radiation relate to its frequency?
• Which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible to the human eye?

Related terms

Wavelength:

The distance between successive crests of a wave, typically measured in meters or nanometers for electromagnetic waves.

Frequency:

The number of waves that pass a given point per second, typically measured in Hertz (Hz).

Photon: A quantum of electromagnetic energy with both particle-like and wave-like properties.