D-block elements

Definition

D-block elements are those elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table, characterized by having their outermost electrons in a d orbital. They include transition metals known for their ability to form various oxidation states and complex compounds.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. D-block elements exhibit variable oxidation states due to the involvement of d-orbital electrons.
2. These elements typically form colored compounds because of d-d electron transitions.
3. They are often good conductors of electricity and have high melting and boiling points.
4. Many d-block elements and their compounds act as catalysts in chemical reactions.
5. They can form complex ions with ligands, which are essential in coordination chemistry.

Review Questions

• What is the characteristic feature of d-block elements regarding their electron configuration?
• Why do d-block elements often exhibit multiple oxidation states?
• How do the properties of d-block elements make them suitable as catalysts?

Related terms

Transition Metals: A subset of d-block elements known for their ability to form various oxidation states and colored compounds.

Oxidation States: The charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic; important for understanding the reactivity of transition metals.

Coordination Compound: A compound consisting typically of a central metal atom or ion bonded to surrounding molecules or anions called ligands.