Alpha particles
Definition
Alpha particles are a type of ionizing radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons bound together. They are emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive elements during alpha decay.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Alpha particles have a +2 charge due to their two protons.
- They have relatively low penetration power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or human skin.
- Alpha particles are typically emitted from heavy elements like uranium, radium, and polonium during radioactive decay.
- In nuclear equations, an alpha particle is represented as $^4_2He$ or $\alpha$.
- Exposure to alpha particles can be harmful if ingested or inhaled, causing damage to biological tissues.
Review Questions
- What is the composition of an alpha particle?
- Why do alpha particles have low penetration power?
- How is an alpha particle represented in nuclear equations?
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Related terms
Beta Particle: A high-speed electron or positron emitted from the nucleus during beta decay.
Gamma Ray: A form of electromagnetic radiation with high energy, often emitted alongside alpha or beta particles during radioactive decay.
Nuclear Decay: The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.
