Alkaline earth metals

Definition

Alkaline earth metals are elements in Group 2 of the periodic table and include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. They are characterized by having two electrons in their outermost energy level which they readily lose to form divalent cations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons.
2. They are less reactive than alkali metals but more reactive than most other metals.
3. These elements tend to form basic (alkaline) oxides and hydroxides.
4. Calcium and magnesium are essential for biological processes in humans.
5. Alkaline earth metals have higher melting points compared to alkali metals.

Review Questions

• What is the common oxidation state of alkaline earth metals?
• How do the reactivities of alkaline earth metals compare with those of alkali metals?
• Why are calcium and magnesium important for biological processes?

Related terms

Periodic Table:

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Divalent Cation: An ion with a +2 charge formed when an element loses two valence electrons.

Basic Oxide: An oxide that reacts with water to form a base or with an acid to form a salt.