key term - Eley-Rideal Mechanism

Definition

The Eley-Rideal mechanism is a type of surface reaction where one reactant adsorbs onto a catalyst surface while the other reactant remains in the gas phase before reacting. This mechanism highlights how heterogeneous catalysts can facilitate reactions by providing an active site for one reactant, while allowing another reactant to interact from the gas phase. It emphasizes the importance of both adsorbed species and gas-phase reactants in catalysis, particularly within homogeneous systems where reactions occur in a single phase.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In the Eley-Rideal mechanism, one reactant is adsorbed onto the catalyst surface, while the other remains in the gas phase, which distinguishes it from other mechanisms like Langmuir-Hinshelwood.
2. This mechanism is particularly important in heterogeneous catalysis where gas-phase reactions often require specific interactions with solid surfaces.
3. The rate of reaction in the Eley-Rideal mechanism can be influenced by factors such as pressure, temperature, and the nature of the catalyst surface.
4. One key characteristic of this mechanism is that it can lead to non-linear kinetics due to the different states of reactants involved in the reaction.
5. Understanding the Eley-Rideal mechanism is crucial for designing efficient catalytic processes, especially in industrial applications where gas-solid interactions are common.

Review Questions

• How does the Eley-Rideal mechanism differ from other catalytic mechanisms like Langmuir-Hinshelwood?
  • The Eley-Rideal mechanism differs from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism primarily in how reactants interact with the catalyst. In Langmuir-Hinshelwood, both reactants are adsorbed onto the catalyst surface before they react, whereas in Eley-Rideal, one reactant is adsorbed on the surface while the other remains in the gas phase. This distinction is critical because it affects how catalysts are designed and how they function under different conditions.
• Discuss the significance of understanding the Eley-Rideal mechanism for improving catalytic processes in industry.
  • Understanding the Eley-Rideal mechanism is significant for enhancing catalytic processes as it provides insights into how gas-solid interactions influence reaction rates. By recognizing that one reactant interacts from the gas phase while another is bound to the catalyst surface, chemists can optimize conditions such as pressure and temperature to favor these interactions. This knowledge allows for better catalyst design and improved efficiencies in industrial reactions, particularly in processes like ammonia synthesis or hydrocarbon conversions.
• Evaluate how factors such as pressure and temperature influence the kinetics of reactions following the Eley-Rideal mechanism.
  • Factors like pressure and temperature play a vital role in influencing reaction kinetics under the Eley-Rideal mechanism. Increased pressure generally enhances the concentration of gas-phase reactants, which can lead to a higher rate of reaction as more collisions occur with adsorbed species. Temperature affects not only the energy and speed of molecules but also their ability to overcome activation barriers. Thus, by carefully adjusting these conditions, chemists can optimize reaction rates and efficiencies tailored to specific catalytic processes.

Related terms

Adsorption: The process by which atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid adhere to a surface.

Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Surface Reaction: A chemical reaction that occurs at the interface between different phases, such as solid and gas.