Great migration

Definition

The great migration refers to the mass movement of African Americans from the rural Southern United States to urban areas in the North and West between the early 20th century and the 1970s. This movement was driven by a combination of factors including the search for better economic opportunities, escaping racial discrimination, and seeking improved living conditions. The great migration significantly impacted demographic patterns, cultural dynamics, and social structures in both the regions people left and those they moved to.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The great migration began around 1916 and continued into the 1970s, with millions of African Americans relocating to northern cities such as Chicago, Detroit, and New York.
2. Factors prompting this migration included World War I creating labor shortages in northern factories and widespread racial violence in the South.
3. The great migration led to significant demographic shifts, resulting in a substantial increase in African American populations in northern urban centers.
4. This movement fostered the development of vibrant cultural communities that contributed to new artistic expressions and political activism within the African American community.
5. The legacy of the great migration can still be seen today in urban landscapes, cultural identity, and ongoing discussions about race relations in America.

Review Questions

• How did the great migration alter demographic patterns in the United States?
  • The great migration led to a substantial shift in population as millions of African Americans moved from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West. This shift resulted in increased African American populations in cities like Chicago and Detroit, transforming these urban landscapes and influencing local economies. Additionally, it contributed to changes in cultural dynamics as African Americans brought their traditions and experiences into new communities.
• Discuss the socio-economic factors that contributed to the great migration and its impact on Northern cities.
  • Several socio-economic factors contributed to the great migration, including World War I labor shortages in Northern factories that created job opportunities for African Americans. The promise of better wages and living conditions drew many individuals away from oppressive environments in the South shaped by Jim Crow laws. As a result, Northern cities experienced an influx of laborers that fueled industrial growth but also led to tensions over housing, jobs, and social integration.
• Evaluate the long-term cultural impacts of the great migration on American society.
  • The great migration had profound long-term cultural impacts on American society by contributing to the emergence of new cultural movements like the Harlem Renaissance. This era showcased African American art, music, and literature, influencing broader American culture significantly. Moreover, it laid groundwork for civil rights movements as newly established communities became centers for political activism. The legacy of this migration continues to shape discussions about race relations and cultural identity in contemporary America.

Related terms

Harlem Renaissance: A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s, where African American writers, musicians, and artists gained prominence.

Jim Crow Laws: State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States from the late 19th century until the civil rights movement.

Urbanization:

The process by which cities grow as populations increase, often accompanied by changes in social structures and economic activities.