key term - Anglo-Iraqi War

Definition

The Anglo-Iraqi War was a conflict that took place in April 1941, when British forces invaded Iraq to re-establish control over the country after a coup d'état led by pro-Axis forces. The war was significant in the context of World War II, as it was part of the broader struggle between Allied and Axis powers in the Middle East, showcasing Iraq's strategic importance due to its oil resources and geographical position.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The conflict began on April 2, 1941, after a coup led by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani ousted the pro-British monarchy in Iraq.
2. British forces quickly mobilized from neighboring countries, primarily from British-controlled territories in Palestine and Transjordan.
3. The war lasted approximately one month, culminating in the defeat of the pro-Axis forces and the reinstatement of British influence over Iraq.
4. Control over Iraq was crucial for the British due to its oil reserves, which were vital for fueling their military efforts during World War II.
5. The outcome of the war set the stage for increased British military presence in Iraq and paved the way for eventual post-war developments in the region.

Review Questions

• What were the immediate causes and consequences of the Anglo-Iraqi War for Iraq's political landscape?
  • The immediate cause of the Anglo-Iraqi War was the coup d'état led by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, which resulted in a pro-Axis government that sought to expel British influence. The consequences included a swift military response from Britain, leading to the defeat of the new government and the restoration of a pro-British regime. This reinforced British control over Iraqi politics and military affairs, highlighting Iraq's strategic importance during World War II.
• Evaluate how the Anglo-Iraqi War impacted British military strategy in the Middle East during World War II.
  • The Anglo-Iraqi War significantly influenced British military strategy by emphasizing the need to secure key territories for oil supply and logistics. After defeating pro-Axis forces in Iraq, Britain ensured that vital oil resources remained under its control, which was essential for sustaining its military operations. Additionally, it highlighted Britain's commitment to combating Axis influence in the region, shaping future engagements and alliances throughout World War II.
• Assess the long-term implications of the Anglo-Iraqi War on Iraqi nationalism and post-war political developments.
  • The Anglo-Iraqi War had lasting implications for Iraqi nationalism as it fueled resentment against foreign intervention and highlighted internal divisions. The reinstatement of British influence after the war did not resolve underlying tensions but instead galvanized nationalist sentiments that would lead to future uprisings and demands for independence. Ultimately, this period contributed to shaping Iraq's political landscape in subsequent decades, influencing movements toward sovereignty and national identity in the post-war era.

Related terms

Pro-Axis Government: The government formed in Iraq following the coup that aligned itself with Axis powers, particularly Nazi Germany, against British influence.

Operation Sabine: The codename for the British military campaign aimed at restoring control over Iraq during the Anglo-Iraqi War.

Royal Iraqi Army: The military force of Iraq that fought against British troops during the conflict, largely composed of troops loyal to the pro-Axis government.