💣european history – 1890 to 1945 review

key term - Duma

Definition

The Duma was the legislative assembly of the Russian Empire, established in 1906 as part of Tsar Nicholas II's attempt to modernize the government and respond to growing discontent among the populace. It was intended to be a representative body that could help address issues like social unrest and demands for reform, but its actual power was limited, often leading to conflicts with the monarchy. The role of the Duma became particularly significant during the February Revolution, as it reflected the shifting dynamics of power in Russia and the decline of the Romanov dynasty.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The first Duma met in April 1906 but was dissolved by Tsar Nicholas II after just 72 days due to its opposition to his policies.
  2. Subsequent Dumas were convened, but they faced increasing limitations on their powers and were often dissolved if they disagreed with the Tsar.
  3. The Duma had the ability to propose legislation, but it could not effectively enforce or implement laws without the approval of the Tsar.
  4. During the February Revolution of 1917, the Duma declared itself a provisional government as it sought to fill the power vacuum left by the abdication of Nicholas II.
  5. The Duma's struggle for power and reform highlighted the growing disconnect between the Russian monarchy and its citizens, contributing to revolutionary sentiments.

Review Questions

  • How did the establishment of the Duma reflect the tensions between traditional autocratic rule and growing demands for reform in Russia?
    • The establishment of the Duma indicated an acknowledgment by Tsar Nicholas II of the need for reform in response to increasing social unrest and pressure from various groups demanding representation. However, the limited powers granted to the Duma highlighted a fundamental tension between his desire to maintain autocratic control and the people's desire for a more participatory government. This conflict ultimately contributed to a crisis of legitimacy for the monarchy, making it clear that mere token reforms were insufficient to quell public discontent.
  • Discuss how the Duma's role changed during the February Revolution and what this signified for the future governance of Russia.
    • During the February Revolution, as protests escalated and social disorder grew, members of the Duma recognized their opportunity to assume greater responsibility for governance. The Duma declared itself a provisional government following Nicholas II's abdication, signifying a shift away from autocracy toward a more representative form of governance. This marked a critical turning point in Russian history, setting the stage for further political turmoil and ultimately paving the way for rival factions like the Bolsheviks to emerge during the subsequent October Revolution.
  • Evaluate the significance of the Duma within the broader context of revolutionary movements in Russia from 1905 through 1917.
    • The Duma's significance lies in its representation of both progress and limitation within Russia's political evolution during a period marked by revolutionary fervor. While it served as a platform for expressing dissent and pushing for reform, its inability to enact substantial changes reflected deeper systemic issues within Tsarist governance. As revolutionary movements gained momentum leading up to 1917, especially among workers and soldiers, the Duma became both a symbol of hope for reformists and an institution ultimately undermined by radical factions like the Bolsheviks. This dynamic illustrates how reform efforts were often overshadowed by more radical aspirations during a time of immense social upheaval.