key term - Appeasement Policy

Definition

The appeasement policy refers to a diplomatic strategy employed primarily by Britain and France in the 1930s, aimed at preventing conflict by making concessions to aggressive powers, particularly Nazi Germany. This approach was based on the belief that satisfying the demands of dictators could maintain peace and stability in Europe, but it ultimately led to greater aggression from those powers, culminating in World War II.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The appeasement policy was influenced by the traumatic memories of World War I and a strong desire to avoid another large-scale conflict.
2. Many political leaders believed that Germany had legitimate grievances following the Treaty of Versailles and sought to address these through negotiation rather than confrontation.
3. The Munich Agreement is often cited as the most significant failure of the appeasement policy, as it emboldened Hitler to pursue further territorial expansion.
4. Public opinion in Britain was initially supportive of appeasement, with many citizens believing it would prevent war and protect their interests.
5. The policy ultimately failed as Hitler's ambitions continued unchecked, leading to the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the start of World War II.

Review Questions

• How did the Munich Agreement exemplify the principles and failures of the appeasement policy?
  • The Munich Agreement is a prime example of the appeasement policy because it involved major powers like Britain and France conceding to Hitler's demands regarding Czechoslovakia without resistance. The leaders believed that allowing Hitler to annex the Sudetenland would satisfy his territorial ambitions and prevent further conflict. However, this decision demonstrated a critical failure, as it encouraged Hitler's aggression rather than deterring it, ultimately leading to his invasion of Poland.
• Evaluate the impact of public opinion on the adoption of appeasement policies in Britain during the 1930s.
  • Public opinion significantly influenced the adoption of appeasement policies in Britain, as many citizens were wary of entering another devastating conflict after World War I. There was a strong sentiment for peace, leading to widespread support for negotiations over military confrontation. This atmosphere allowed leaders like Neville Chamberlain to pursue appeasement, believing it aligned with national sentiment. However, as events unfolded and war became inevitable, public support for appeasement diminished, revealing its inadequacies.
• Critically analyze how the failure of the appeasement policy set the stage for World War II, considering both political and social factors.
  • The failure of the appeasement policy set a dangerous precedent that emboldened aggressive powers like Nazi Germany. Politically, it allowed Hitler to pursue his expansionist goals unchecked, leading to increased militarization and territorial conquests across Europe. Socially, as awareness grew about the consequences of appeasement, there was a shift in public sentiment towards a more confrontational stance against tyranny. This combination of unchecked aggression and changing public attitudes ultimately culminated in World War II, marking a significant turning point in global politics.

Related terms

Munich Agreement:

A settlement reached in September 1938 where Britain and France allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, viewed as a key example of the appeasement policy.

Chamberlain: Neville Chamberlain was the British Prime Minister who is most associated with the appeasement policy, famously declaring that the Munich Agreement would bring 'peace for our time.'

Hitler's Expansionism: The aggressive foreign policy pursued by Adolf Hitler that aimed at expanding German territory and influence, which was often met with appeasement from other European nations before the outbreak of war.