Capabilities approach

Definition

The capabilities approach is a theoretical framework that focuses on the opportunities and freedoms individuals have to achieve well-being and live fulfilling lives. It emphasizes the importance of individual capabilities—what people are able to do and be—in assessing social justice, equality, and development. This perspective underscores the role of social, economic, and political structures in enabling or hindering these capabilities, making it particularly relevant when considering sustainability and fairness for future generations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The capabilities approach was popularized by economist Amartya Sen, who argued that assessing individuals based on their capabilities provides a more comprehensive view of well-being than purely economic measures.
2. It distinguishes between 'functionings,' the various things a person may value doing or being, and 'capabilities,' the real freedoms or opportunities to achieve those functionings.
3. This approach is particularly useful in discussions about social policies, as it encourages the evaluation of how policies affect individuals' abilities to achieve their goals.
4. The capabilities approach advocates for a focus on empowerment, ensuring that marginalized groups have the resources and support necessary to enhance their capabilities.
5. In terms of sustainability, this approach highlights the need for policies that not only meet current needs but also enhance the capacities of future generations to live fulfilling lives.

Review Questions

• How does the capabilities approach differ from traditional economic assessments of well-being?
  • The capabilities approach differs from traditional economic assessments by focusing not just on wealth or income but on what individuals can actually do with that wealth. While traditional measures may look at GDP or material resources, the capabilities approach emphasizes the freedom and opportunities available to people. It assesses well-being based on the actual capabilities that allow individuals to achieve valuable functionings, providing a more nuanced understanding of quality of life.
• What role does the capabilities approach play in addressing intergenerational justice?
  • The capabilities approach plays a crucial role in addressing intergenerational justice by advocating for policies that enhance the capabilities of future generations. It emphasizes that current actions should not compromise the ability of future individuals to achieve well-being. By focusing on sustaining and improving opportunities for all generations, this approach encourages a long-term perspective on development that balances present needs with future sustainability.
• Evaluate the impact of the capabilities approach on policy-making related to sustainability and social equity.
  • The impact of the capabilities approach on policy-making is significant as it shifts the focus from mere economic growth to enhancing individual freedoms and opportunities. By evaluating policies through this lens, lawmakers are encouraged to consider how initiatives affect people's abilities to thrive rather than just increasing GDP. This leads to more inclusive policies that prioritize social equity and sustainable practices, ensuring that development benefits all individuals across generations.

Related terms

Human Development Index: A composite index measuring average achievement in key dimensions of human development: health, education, and standard of living.

Social Justice: The concept of fair and just relations between individuals and society, encompassing issues of equality, rights, and access to resources.

Intergenerational Equity: The principle that different generations should have equal access to resources and opportunities, ensuring sustainability for future generations.