Postclassic period

Definition

The postclassic period refers to a significant phase in Mesoamerican and Andean history, lasting roughly from 900 CE to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. This era is characterized by the decline of the classic civilizations and the rise of new powers, marked by innovations in art, architecture, and culture. The postclassic period saw the emergence of diverse regional styles and traditions, as well as increased trade and interactions among different cultures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. During the postclassic period, there was a notable shift in power dynamics, with new city-states emerging in both Mesoamerica and the Andes, often characterized by militaristic societies.
2. The art from this period reflects a blend of influences from earlier civilizations while also showcasing regional variations in styles, particularly in pottery, sculpture, and textiles.
3. In Mesoamerica, significant sites like Tula and Chichen Itza became centers of trade and culture during the postclassic period, showcasing architectural advancements such as pyramids and ball courts.
4. The arrival of the Spanish in the early 16th century marked a dramatic end to the postclassic period, leading to significant cultural and political changes in both Mesoamerica and the Andes.
5. The postclassic period also saw increased interactions between different cultures through trade routes, which facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and artistic styles across regions.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast the artistic styles of the postclassic period with those of the classic period in Mesoamerica.
  • The artistic styles of the postclassic period reflect a more diverse range of influences compared to the classic period. While classic art often emphasized intricate detail and religious themes tied to specific deities, postclassic art incorporated more regional variations and a mix of cultural elements. For instance, postclassic pottery may show less refinement than its classic predecessors but instead display bold colors and designs that represent local traditions. This evolution highlights how societal changes influenced artistic expression as new powers rose.
• Analyze how trade networks evolved during the postclassic period and their impact on Mesoamerican civilizations.
  • Trade networks during the postclassic period expanded significantly due to increasing interaction among various cultures. The rise of powerful city-states such as Tula enabled robust commerce that connected diverse regions, facilitating the exchange of goods like obsidian, textiles, and luxury items. This evolution not only strengthened economic ties but also led to cultural exchanges that influenced art, technology, and social structures. As these networks grew, they allowed civilizations to adapt more rapidly to changing circumstances.
• Evaluate the role of Chichen Itza as a cultural center during the postclassic period and its significance for understanding Mesoamerican history.
  • Chichen Itza played a pivotal role as a cultural center during the postclassic period, serving as a melting pot where diverse peoples converged for trade, religious ceremonies, and cultural exchanges. The site's architecture reflects a unique synthesis of earlier Maya elements and influences from other Mesoamerican cultures. Its importance lies not just in its monumental structures but also in what it reveals about social dynamics and interactions between civilizations. Studying Chichen Itza helps illuminate broader trends in Mesoamerican history during a time of transition.

Related terms

Maya Civilization: An advanced Mesoamerican culture known for its writing system, art, architecture, and astronomical knowledge that thrived during the classic and postclassic periods.

Toltec Culture: A civilization that arose after the decline of the classic Maya, known for its architectural achievements and influence on later Mesoamerican societies, especially the Aztecs.

Chichen Itza:

A prominent archaeological site in Mexico that exemplifies postclassic Maya architecture and cultural synthesis during the postclassic period.