key term - Postconventional level

Definition

The postconventional level is the highest stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development, where individuals base their moral decisions on abstract principles and personal ethics rather than societal rules or authority. At this stage, people begin to prioritize universal ethical principles, such as justice and equality, and are willing to challenge laws or social norms that they believe are unjust. This level represents a shift towards self-defined morality, emphasizing the importance of individual conscience.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Individuals at the postconventional level often prioritize moral principles over laws, which can lead them to question or disobey rules they view as unfair.
2. This level typically emerges in late adolescence or early adulthood and reflects a more advanced form of moral reasoning compared to previous stages.
3. People who operate at this level may engage in social activism or advocacy for change when they perceive injustice in society.
4. Postconventional reasoning involves recognizing the rights of individuals and the importance of social contracts that benefit all members of society.
5. Not everyone reaches the postconventional level; it requires cognitive maturity and life experiences that shape one's understanding of morality.

Review Questions

• How does the postconventional level differ from the conventional level in Kohlberg's moral development theory?
  • The postconventional level differs from the conventional level in that individuals at the postconventional stage rely on abstract principles and personal ethics to guide their moral decisions, while those at the conventional level conform to societal norms and authority figures. At the conventional level, moral reasoning is largely based on maintaining social order and fulfilling obligations to others, whereas postconventional thinkers prioritize universal ethical principles over rules or laws.
• Discuss how the characteristics of postconventional moral reasoning influence prosocial behavior.
  • Postconventional moral reasoning influences prosocial behavior by motivating individuals to act based on principles like justice and equality rather than mere adherence to rules. When people operate at this level, they are more likely to engage in actions that benefit others, even if those actions go against established laws or norms. This can lead to behaviors such as civil disobedience or social activism aimed at addressing perceived injustices, highlighting a deep commitment to ethical standards over conformity.
• Evaluate the impact of reaching the postconventional level on an individual's relationships and societal contributions.
  • Reaching the postconventional level can profoundly impact an individual's relationships and societal contributions. As people develop a strong sense of personal ethics and commitment to universal principles, they often seek out relationships with others who share similar values. This can foster communities centered around social justice and activism. Additionally, individuals operating at this level tend to contribute positively to society by challenging unjust practices and advocating for systemic changes that promote equity and fairness for all.

Related terms

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development:

A theory proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg that outlines six stages of moral reasoning, grouped into three main levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Moral Reasoning:

The process by which individuals make decisions about what is right or wrong based on their values, beliefs, and understanding of ethical principles.

Ethical Principles: Fundamental concepts that guide individuals in determining what is right and wrong, such as justice, honesty, and respect for others.