Translocation

Definition

Translocation is the movement of materials from one part of an organism to another. In biology, it often refers to either the transfer of chromosomes or segments between non-homologous chromosomes or the transport of nutrients and water within plants.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In genetics, translocation can result in genetic disorders if chromosomal segments are exchanged improperly.
2. A common type of translocation in humans is the Philadelphia chromosome seen in chronic myeloid leukemia.
3. In plants, phloem translocation involves the movement of sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.
4. Translocations in plants are driven by pressure differences created by osmosis and active transport.
5. Balanced translocations do not usually cause symptoms because no genetic material is gained or lost, whereas unbalanced translocations can lead to developmental disorders.

Review Questions

• What is a potential consequence of an unbalanced chromosomal translocation in humans?
• How does phloem translocation contribute to plant growth and development?
• Can balanced chromosomal translocations cause genetic disorders? Explain why or why not.

Related terms

Chromosome: A structure within cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information.

Phloem:

The vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Active Transport: The process by which cells move molecules against a concentration gradient using energy.