Eutrophication

Definition

Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants. This often results in oxygen depletion, harming aquatic life and disrupting ecosystems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Eutrophication is mainly caused by the runoff of fertilizers, sewage, and detergents into bodies of water.
2. The excessive nutrient load typically includes nitrogen and phosphorus.
3. Algal blooms, a common consequence of eutrophication, can produce toxins harmful to both aquatic life and humans.
4. Oxygen depletion in water due to eutrophication can lead to 'dead zones' where most aquatic life cannot survive.
5. Preventing eutrophication involves controlling nutrient inputs through better agricultural practices, wastewater treatment, and reducing industrial discharges.

Review Questions

• What are the primary nutrients involved in causing eutrophication?
• How does eutrophication affect oxygen levels in aquatic environments?
• Name two human activities that contribute to eutrophication.

Related terms

Algal Bloom: A rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in an aquatic system.

Dead Zone: An area in a body of water with extremely low oxygen concentration and very little marine life.

Biogeochemical Cycle: The circulation of substances through living organisms from or to the environment.