Depolarization

Definition

Depolarization is the process by which a neuron's membrane potential becomes less negative, moving closer to zero. This change is crucial for the initiation and transmission of electrical signals in neurons.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Depolarization occurs when sodium ions (Na+) flow into the neuron through voltage-gated sodium channels.
2. It is a key phase in the generation of an action potential.
3. Depolarization must reach a certain threshold potential to trigger an action potential.
4. The rapid influx of Na+ during depolarization causes the inside of the neuron to become positively charged relative to the outside.
5. Following depolarization, repolarization occurs to restore the neuron's resting membrane potential.

Review Questions

Related terms

Action Potential: A rapid rise and subsequent fall in membrane potential that propagates along the axon of a neuron.

Repolarization:

The process by which a cell restores its resting membrane potential following depolarization.

Sodium-Potassium Pump: A protein that helps maintain resting membrane potential by pumping sodium out and potassium into the cell.