key term - Local Maxima

Definition

A local maximum is a point on the graph of a function where the function value is greater than or equal to the function values at all nearby points. It represents a peak or highest point in a specific region of the graph.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Local maxima of a polynomial function occur at the critical points of the function, where the derivative is equal to zero.
2. The number of local maxima of a polynomial function of degree $n$ is at most $n-1$.
3. Local maxima can be identified by analyzing the sign changes of the derivative of the function.
4. The first derivative test can be used to determine if a critical point is a local maximum, local minimum, or neither.
5. Local maxima play an important role in optimization problems, where we seek to find the maximum or minimum value of a function.

Review Questions

• Explain how the concept of local maxima relates to the graphs of polynomial functions.
  • The local maxima of a polynomial function are the points on the graph where the function value is greater than or equal to the function values at all nearby points. These local maxima occur at the critical points of the function, where the derivative is equal to zero. By analyzing the behavior of the derivative, we can identify the local maxima and use them to understand the overall shape and features of the polynomial function's graph.
• Describe the relationship between the degree of a polynomial function and the number of local maxima it can have.
  • The number of local maxima of a polynomial function of degree $n$ is at most $n-1$. This means that a polynomial function of degree 3 can have at most 2 local maxima, a polynomial function of degree 4 can have at most 3 local maxima, and so on. This relationship is important because it helps us understand the potential complexity of the graph of a polynomial function and the number of critical points we need to analyze to fully characterize its behavior.
• Analyze how the first derivative test can be used to determine if a critical point of a polynomial function is a local maximum.
  • The first derivative test states that if the derivative of a function changes from positive to negative at a critical point, then that critical point is a local maximum. For polynomial functions, we can use this test to identify the local maxima by examining the sign changes of the derivative. If the derivative is positive on one side of a critical point and negative on the other side, then that critical point is a local maximum. This allows us to classify the critical points of a polynomial function and understand the overall shape of its graph.

Related terms

Critical Point: A critical point of a function is a point where the derivative of the function is equal to zero or undefined. Local maxima and minima occur at critical points.

Relative Extrema: Relative extrema refer to the local maxima and minima of a function. They represent the highest and lowest points on the graph within a specific interval.

Polynomial Function:

A polynomial function is a function that can be written in the form $f(x) = a_n x^n + a_{n-1} x^{n-1} + ... + a_1 x + a_0$, where $a_n, a_{n-1}, ..., a_1, a_0$ are real numbers.