Binomial Theorem:The binomial theorem is a formula that allows for the expansion of binomial expressions raised to a power, providing a way to calculate the coefficients and terms in the expansion.
Pascal's Triangle:Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of numbers where each number is the sum of the two numbers directly above it, used to quickly calculate the coefficients in the binomial theorem.
Probability Theory: Blaise Pascal's work in probability theory, along with Pierre de Fermat, laid the foundations for the modern understanding of probability and its applications.