P-value
Definition
The p-value is a probability value that helps determine whether an observed result is statistically significant or occurred by chance. It quantifies how strong or weak evidence against a null hypothesis exists.
Analogy
Think of p-values as tickets to an exclusive party. If your p-value is less than 0.05 (the typical threshold), it's like having a ticket to get into an elite party - you have strong evidence against your null hypothesis. But if your p-value is greater than 0.05, it's like having a ticket to an ordinary party - you don't have enough evidence to reject your null hypothesis.
Related terms
Type I Error: Type I error occurs when we reject a true null hypothesis, meaning we mistakenly conclude there is an effect or relationship when there isn't one.
Confidence Interval: A confidence interval provides a range within which we can reasonably estimate population parameters based on sample data.
Significance Level: The significance level, often denoted as alpha (α), is the threshold used to determine statistical significance. It helps decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
"P-value" appears in:
Subjects (1)
Study guides (12)
AP Statistics - 6.4 Setting Up a Test for a Population Proportion
AP Statistics - 6.5 Interpreting p-Values
AP Statistics - 6.7 Potential Errors When Performing Tests
AP Statistics - 6.10 Setting Up a Test for the Difference of Two Population Proportions
AP Statistics - 6.11 Carrying Out a Test for the Difference of Two Population Proportions
AP Statistics - 7.5 Carrying Out a Test for a Population Mean
AP Statistics - 7.8 Setting Up a Test for the Difference of Two Population Means
AP Statistics - 7.10 Skills Focus: Selecting, Implementing, and Communicating Inference Procedures
AP Statistics - 8.1 Introducing Statistics: Are My Results Unexpected?
AP Statistics - 8.2 Setting Up a Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test
AP Statistics - 8.3 Carrying Out a Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test
AP Statistics - 9.5 Carrying Out a Test for the Slope of a Regression Model
Additional resources (2)
Practice Questions (20+)
How would you interpret the conclusion of a two-sample t-test with a p-value of 0.10?
If the calculated p-value is close to 1, what does it indicate?
What does a low p-value indicate in a statistical test?
What does the p-value represent in a statistical test?
For a chi-squared test with a chosen significance level of 0.05, which p-value will NOT allow us to reject the null hypothesis?
The p-value in a goodness of fit test is the probability of:
If the p-value in a chi-square goodness of fit test is less than the chosen significance level, what can be concluded about the null hypothesis?
How is the p-value calculated in a chi-square test?
What does a p-value less than 0.05 indicate in a chi-square test?
What is the conclusion in a chi-square test for homogeneity if the p-value is less than 0.05?
What does a p-value greater than 0.05 indicate in a chi-square test for independence?
What is the p-value?
If the p-value is less than the significance level, what is the conclusion regarding the null hypothesis?
What is the primary basis for making a conclusion in a hypothesis test using the p-value?
If the p-value is greater than the significance level, what is the conclusion regarding the null hypothesis?
What is the appropriate conclusion based on the following scenario? The p-value is 0.03, and the significance level is 0.05.
What is the appropriate conclusion based on the following scenario? The p-value is 0.15, and the significance level is 0.10.
What does it mean if the p-value is exactly equal to the significance level?
In a hypothesis test, the p-value is calculated to be 0.18. What is the appropriate conclusion at a significance level of α = 0.10?
What is the purpose of comparing the p-value to the significance level in hypothesis testing?
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