American imperialism

Definition

American imperialism refers to the policy and practice of extending the United States' influence and control over other countries and territories, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This era marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy, as it sought to expand its economic and military power abroad, often justifying these actions through notions of superiority and a desire to civilize other nations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. American imperialism was significantly influenced by the desire for new markets and resources during the industrial revolution.
2. The concept of American exceptionalism played a key role, suggesting that the U.S. had a unique mission to spread democracy and capitalism around the world.
3. The acquisition of territories such as Hawaii, Alaska, and those gained after the Spanish-American War exemplified American expansionist efforts.
4. Critics of American imperialism argued that it contradicted the nation's founding principles of self-determination and freedom.
5. The rhetoric found in Rubén Darío's poem 'A Roosevelt' highlights the tension between American imperialism and Latin American sovereignty.

Review Questions

• How did American imperialism manifest itself in Latin America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
  • American imperialism in Latin America was evident through interventions in countries like Cuba and Panama, often justified by the U.S. desire to protect its economic interests. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine established a precedent for U.S. intervention in Latin America under the guise of maintaining order. This created tensions with local governments and led to resentment towards U.S. involvement in their internal affairs.
• Discuss how Rubén Darío's poem 'A Roosevelt' critiques American imperialism while reflecting on Latin America's historical context.
  • 'A Roosevelt' serves as a poignant critique of American imperialism by addressing Theodore Roosevelt directly, portraying him as a figure embodying aggressive expansionism. Darío contrasts this with the rich cultural heritage of Latin America, emphasizing that despite America's might, it cannot fully understand or dominate the complexities of Latin American identity. The poem reflects broader concerns about national sovereignty and cultural integrity amidst foreign intervention.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of American imperialism on Latin America and how it shaped contemporary relations between the U.S. and Latin American countries.
  • The long-term impacts of American imperialism have been profound, leading to a legacy of political instability, economic dependency, and cultural tension in Latin America. These historical interventions often fostered resentment towards U.S. influence, which continues to affect diplomatic relations today. Contemporary issues such as immigration, trade disputes, and regional alliances are deeply rooted in this complex history, demonstrating how past imperialistic actions have shaped modern interactions between the U.S. and Latin American nations.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny: The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Spanish-American War: A conflict between the United States and Spain in 1898, resulting in the U.S. acquiring territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Dollar Diplomacy: A U.S. foreign policy aimed at furthering its interests abroad through economic power rather than military intervention.