Step-up transformer: A step-up transformer increases voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding, resulting in lower current but higher potential difference.
Step-down transformer: A step-down transformer decreases voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding, resulting in higher current but lower potential difference.
Turns ratio: The turns ratio of a transformer refers to the ratio between the number of turns in its primary winding and its secondary winding. It determines how much voltage will be transformed.