Newton's laws of motion

Inertia: Inertia is an object's resistance to changes in its state of motion. It describes how objects tend to keep doing what they're already doing unless acted upon by an external force.

Acceleration: Acceleration refers to the rate at which an object changes its velocity over time. It can be caused by forces such as gravity or applied forces.

Friction: Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. It can either slow down or prevent the movement of objects.