key term - Authentic Cadence

Definition

An authentic cadence is a strong musical punctuation that occurs at the end of a phrase, typically involving a progression from the dominant chord (V) to the tonic chord (I). This cadence provides a sense of resolution and closure, establishing the home key after a sequence of harmonic movement. Authentic cadences play a crucial role in defining harmonic progressions, enhancing functional harmony, and signaling the end of musical ideas.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Authentic cadences can be classified as perfect or imperfect; perfect authentic cadences (PAC) occur when both chords are in root position and the highest note of the tonic is the tonic note.
2. Imperfect authentic cadences (IAC) may involve inversions or different voicings that still lead to a V to I progression but do not meet all the criteria of a PAC.
3. The dominant seventh chord often precedes an authentic cadence, intensifying the resolution to the tonic by adding more dissonance that needs to resolve.
4. Authentic cadences are commonly used at the end of phrases in classical and popular music, reinforcing the sense of closure and completion in compositions.
5. In voice leading with seventh chords, careful attention must be paid to how individual voices move between chords during an authentic cadence to maintain smooth transitions.

Review Questions

• How does an authentic cadence contribute to the overall structure of a musical phrase?
  • An authentic cadence serves as a critical point of closure within a musical phrase by providing strong harmonic resolution. When moving from the dominant chord to the tonic, it reinforces the tonal center and signals the end of a musical idea. This resolution creates a satisfying conclusion for listeners, making it essential for composers to utilize authentic cadences effectively in their works.
• Compare and contrast perfect authentic cadences with imperfect authentic cadences, highlighting their musical implications.
  • Perfect authentic cadences are characterized by both chords being in root position, with the tonic note being the highest voice in the final chord. In contrast, imperfect authentic cadences can include inversions or other variations in voicing. The implications of these differences lie in their strength; perfect authentic cadences offer a more definitive closure, while imperfect cadences might create a slightly weaker sense of resolution, allowing for smoother transitions into subsequent musical ideas.
• Evaluate the role of voice leading in achieving effective resolutions during authentic cadences, especially when using seventh chords.
  • Voice leading is crucial for creating smooth transitions between chords during authentic cadences, particularly with seventh chords. By ensuring that each voice moves to its nearest possible pitch while resolving from the dominant to the tonic, composers can enhance the overall coherence and expressiveness of their music. Effective voice leading helps to maintain listener engagement and reinforces the emotional impact of an authentic cadence by making resolutions sound natural and pleasing.

Related terms

Dominant Chord: The fifth scale degree chord in a key, which creates tension that resolves to the tonic chord.

Tonic Chord:

The first scale degree chord in a key, serving as the home base and point of resolution in music.

Plagal Cadence:

A type of cadence that moves from the subdominant chord (IV) to the tonic chord (I), often described as a softer resolution compared to an authentic cadence.