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key term - 4/3 (second inversion figures)

Definition

The term 4/3 refers to a specific type of chord inversion in which the root of a seventh chord is in the bass, and the chord is voiced in its second inversion. This means that the fifth of the chord is the lowest note, with the seventh above it, creating a distinct sound characterized by its unique harmonic function. Second inversion figures play a crucial role in establishing smooth voice leading and connecting chords within harmonic progressions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. In a 4/3 figure, the bass note is the fifth of the chord, which provides a less stable sound compared to root position or first inversion.
  2. The use of 4/3 can create a smooth transition between chords, helping to connect harmonies in a more fluid manner.
  3. Commonly found in cadences and when moving to dominant chords, second inversion figures can enhance tension before resolution.
  4. When analyzing music, identifying 4/3 figures helps musicians understand voice leading and harmonic progressions more effectively.
  5. 4/3 figures are often labeled with a '6' when discussing their function within harmony, indicating their position as part of a larger chord structure.

Review Questions

  • How does the presence of a 4/3 figure affect voice leading in harmonic progressions?
    • A 4/3 figure contributes to smoother voice leading by positioning the fifth of the chord in the bass. This placement allows for minimal movement between chords as the other voices resolve more easily. The use of second inversion often creates a passing motion, facilitating transitions that enhance musical flow and maintain listener interest.
  • Discuss the harmonic function of 4/3 figures in cadences and their role in creating tension.
    • 4/3 figures play a significant role in cadences by creating a sense of tension that precedes resolution. When used before a dominant chord, they prepare listeners for a strong tonal conclusion. The unique sound produced by having the fifth in the bass invites harmonic movement and emphasizes the need for resolution to a more stable chord, typically moving to root position.
  • Evaluate the impact of 4/3 figures on composers' choices when writing for harmony and voice leading.
    • Composers often utilize 4/3 figures to create intentional dissonance and tension within their harmonic writing. By choosing to employ second inversions, they can manipulate voice leading effectively, guiding listeners through musical narratives with greater emotional depth. The ability to integrate 4/3 figures allows composers to experiment with non-traditional resolutions, challenging norms and enhancing their unique musical styles.

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