African Renaissance: A cultural and political movement championed by Mbeki aimed at revitalizing African societies through promoting economic growth, education, and a sense of pride in African identity.
Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs):Economic policies imposed by international financial institutions aimed at reducing government deficits through austerity measures, which Mbeki criticized for their impact on African economies.
NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa's Development): An initiative launched in 2001 under Mbeki's leadership to promote sustainable development and economic cooperation among African countries.