Ophthalmia neonatorum

Definition

Ophthalmia neonatorum is a severe form of conjunctivitis occurring in newborns, typically caused by bacterial infection acquired during childbirth. It can lead to blindness if not treated promptly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ophthalmia neonatorum is most commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.
2. Prophylactic treatment with antibiotic eye ointments or drops, such as erythromycin, is standard practice to prevent the condition.
3. Symptoms include redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes, usually appearing within the first few days of life.
4. The infection can be diagnosed through cultures or PCR testing of eye discharge.
5. If left untreated, it can result in corneal ulceration and permanent vision loss.

Review Questions

• What are the primary bacterial causes of ophthalmia neonatorum?
• Which prophylactic treatments are used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum?
• What are the potential consequences if ophthalmia neonatorum is not treated?

Related terms

Conjunctivitis: Inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and inner eyelid.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A gram-negative bacterium responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.

Chlamydia trachomatis: A bacterium that causes chlamydia infections in humans.