HSV-1 and HSV-2

Definition

HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 1) and HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 2) are viral pathogens that cause infections primarily affecting the skin and mucous membranes. HSV-1 is commonly associated with oral infections, while HSV-2 typically causes genital infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HSV-1 primarily causes cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth but can also infect the eyes leading to herpes keratitis.
2. HSV-2 is mainly responsible for genital herpes, a sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful sores in the genital area.
3. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can establish latency in nerve cells, meaning they can remain dormant and reactivate later causing recurrent symptoms.
4. The transmission of both viruses occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or lesions.
5. Antiviral medications like acyclovir can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks but do not cure the infection.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2 in terms of infection location?
• How do HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish latency in the body?
• Which antiviral medications are commonly used to manage symptoms of HSV infections?

Related terms

Herpes Keratitis: An eye infection caused by Herpes Simplex Virus, potentially leading to corneal scarring.

Latency: A phase where the virus remains dormant within nerve cells without causing active disease.

Acyclovir: An antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by Herpes Simplex Viruses.