ac, or alternating current, is the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction. This is in contrast to direct current (dc), where the flow of electric charge is unidirectional. ac is the standard form of electricity supplied to homes and businesses, and is the type of current used in most electronic devices and power grids.
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ac is the type of electricity that powers most household and industrial appliances, as it can be easily transformed to different voltages using a transformer.
The frequency of ac in North America is typically 60 Hz, while in Europe and other regions it is 50 Hz.
ac is generated by rotating generators, where the rotation of a magnetic field induces an alternating voltage in the generator's windings.
The sinusoidal waveform is the most common form of ac, where the current and voltage vary sinusoidally over time.
ac allows for more efficient long-distance transmission of electrical power compared to dc, as the voltage can be easily stepped up or down using transformers.
Review Questions
Explain how ac differs from dc and the advantages of ac over dc for power transmission.
ac, or alternating current, is the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction, while dc, or direct current, is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. The key advantage of ac over dc for power transmission is that ac can be easily transformed to different voltages using a transformer. This allows for more efficient long-distance transmission of electrical power, as the voltage can be stepped up to reduce transmission losses and then stepped down to the desired voltage at the destination. Additionally, ac generators are simpler and more cost-effective to construct compared to dc generators.
Describe the relationship between the frequency and waveform of ac, and how these properties affect the performance of electrical systems.
The frequency of ac, measured in Hertz (Hz), represents the number of complete cycles per second. The most common ac waveform is sinusoidal, where the current and voltage vary sinusoidally over time. The frequency of ac is directly related to the waveform, as it determines the rate at which the sinusoidal cycle repeats. The frequency of ac is an important property, as it affects the performance of electrical systems, such as the efficiency of motors and transformers, as well as the compatibility of devices with the power grid. For example, the 60 Hz frequency used in North America is different from the 50 Hz frequency used in Europe, which can cause compatibility issues for some electrical equipment.
Analyze how the generation of ac electricity using rotating generators is related to the concept of centripetal acceleration.