Biodiversity:Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem. It includes different species, genetic diversity within species, and the variety of ecosystems themselves.
Trophic Cascade:A trophic cascade occurs when there are indirect effects on lower trophic levels due to changes in higher trophic levels within an ecosystem. For example, if predators are removed from an ecosystem, it can lead to an increase in prey populations.
Keystone Species: Keystone species are species that have a disproportionately large impact on their environment relative to their abundance. Their presence or absence can significantly affect the structure and function of an entire ecosystem.