key term - Alpha cells

Definition

Alpha cells are specialized cells located in the pancreas that produce and secrete the hormone glucagon. They play a crucial role in glucose metabolism by increasing blood sugar levels.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alpha cells are found in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas.
2. They release glucagon when blood glucose levels are low.
3. Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.
4. Alpha cells work antagonistically with beta cells, which decrease blood glucose levels by secreting insulin.
5. Dysfunction in alpha cell activity can contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

Review Questions

• Where are alpha cells located and what hormone do they secrete?
• How do alpha cells affect blood glucose levels?
• What is the relationship between alpha cells and beta cells?

Related terms

Beta Cells: Beta cells are pancreatic cells that produce insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels.

Glucagon: Glucagon is a hormone produced by alpha cells that increases blood sugar levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver.

Islets of Langerhans: The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that contain alpha, beta, and other types of hormone-secreting cells.