Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Alpha cells are specialized cells located in the pancreas that produce and secrete the hormone glucagon. They play a crucial role in glucose metabolism by increasing blood sugar levels.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Alpha cells are found in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas.
They release glucagon when blood glucose levels are low.
Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.
Alpha cells work antagonistically with beta cells, which decrease blood glucose levels by secreting insulin.
Dysfunction in alpha cell activity can contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
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Related terms
Beta Cells: Beta cells are pancreatic cells that produce insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels.
Glucagon: Glucagon is a hormone produced by alpha cells that increases blood sugar levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver.
Islets of Langerhans: The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that contain alpha, beta, and other types of hormone-secreting cells.