Pituitary gland

Definition

The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that controls various hormonal functions. It is often called the 'master gland' because it regulates other endocrine glands and numerous body functions including growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The pituitary gland consists of two main parts: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis).
2. It secretes hormones like growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
3. The hypothalamus directly influences the pituitary gland by releasing hormones that either stimulate or inhibit its function.
4. Nutrition can impact pituitary function; for example, deficiencies in essential nutrients like iodine can affect thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.
5. Pituitary disorders such as hypopituitarism can lead to significant clinical symptoms affecting growth, metabolism, and overall endocrine health.

Review Questions

• What are the two main parts of the pituitary gland?
• Name at least three hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary.
• How does nutrition influence the functioning of the pituitary gland?

Related terms

Hypothalamus:

A region of the brain that controls many bodily functions including hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, and links to endocrine control through its effect on the pituitary gland.

Thyroid Gland:

An endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism and energy balance.

Growth Hormone (GH): A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans.