5 min read•Last Updated on July 30, 2024
Thevenin and Norton equivalents are powerful tools for simplifying complex circuits. They let you replace entire networks with a single source and resistor, making analysis way easier. These methods are super handy for figuring out how circuits behave with different loads.
These techniques fit into the broader study of resistive circuits by providing a way to reduce complicated setups. You can use them to analyze voltage dividers, power supplies, and multi-stage amplifiers. They're essential for understanding how real-world circuits work and designing better ones.
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Teoría de redes - Teorema de Thevenin View original
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Thevenin’s Theorem - Electronics-Lab.com View original
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vsergeev's dev site - thevenin/norton equivalence and linear algebra View original
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Teoría de redes - Teorema de Thevenin View original
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Active circuits are electrical circuits that include at least one active component, such as an amplifier or a power supply, which can provide energy to the circuit. These components can control the flow of electricity and amplify signals, making active circuits essential for a wide range of applications, including signal processing and communication systems. Active circuits differ from passive circuits, which do not have any active components and cannot generate energy on their own.
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Active circuits are electrical circuits that include at least one active component, such as an amplifier or a power supply, which can provide energy to the circuit. These components can control the flow of electricity and amplify signals, making active circuits essential for a wide range of applications, including signal processing and communication systems. Active circuits differ from passive circuits, which do not have any active components and cannot generate energy on their own.
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Linear circuits are electrical circuits that follow the principle of superposition, where the output is directly proportional to the input. This means that they obey Ohm's Law and can be analyzed using linear equations, making them simpler to solve and understand. The behavior of linear circuits remains consistent regardless of the amplitude of the input signals, allowing for predictable responses when components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors are used.
Ohm's Law: A fundamental principle that states the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance.
Superposition Theorem: A method used in circuit analysis that states the response in a linear circuit with multiple sources can be found by summing the responses caused by each source acting alone while all other sources are turned off.
Resistive Circuit: A type of linear circuit where all components are resistors, leading to a voltage-current relationship that is linear and easily calculated using Ohm's Law.
The Thevenin equivalent voltage is the open-circuit voltage at the terminals of a linear circuit when all independent sources are active. This concept simplifies complex circuits into a simple voltage source in series with a resistor, making it easier to analyze circuits with respect to specific load components. By finding this voltage, one can efficiently understand the behavior of the circuit when connected to a load.
Open-Circuit Voltage: The voltage measured across two terminals of a circuit when no load is connected, indicating the potential difference that would be available to a load.
Norton Equivalent Current: The Norton equivalent current is the current flowing through a short circuit placed across the terminals of a linear circuit, representing an alternative way to analyze circuits alongside Thevenin's theorem.
Voltage Divider: A configuration of resistors that divides the input voltage into smaller output voltages, often used in conjunction with Thevenin's theorem for simplifying circuits.
Thevenin equivalent resistance is a simplified representation of a complex linear circuit, showing how much resistance is present when looking into the circuit from the terminals where the load is connected. This concept allows engineers to analyze circuits more easily by converting them into a single voltage source and a single resistor, making it easier to study the behavior of electrical components under different conditions.
Thevenin's Theorem: A fundamental principle that states any linear electrical network with voltage sources and resistors can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source in series with a single resistor.
Norton Equivalent Resistance: Similar to Thevenin's theorem, Norton equivalent resistance represents a circuit as a current source in parallel with a resistor, allowing for simplified analysis of circuits.
Load Resistance: The resistance of the component or device connected to the output terminals of a circuit, which can impact how the circuit functions based on its interaction with the Thevenin equivalent resistance.
Mesh analysis is a method used in circuit analysis to determine the currents flowing in a circuit by applying Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) around mesh loops. This technique simplifies the process of analyzing complex circuits by focusing on independent loops, allowing for systematic equations to be formed and solved to find unknown currents. It connects closely with understanding basic circuit elements, voltage and current relationships, and the overall behavior of circuits under various conditions.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law: A fundamental law stating that the sum of the electrical potential differences (voltage) around any closed network is zero.
Loop Current: The current that flows around a closed loop in a circuit, which can be calculated using mesh analysis.
Node Voltage Analysis: An alternative method to mesh analysis that uses node voltages instead of loop currents to analyze circuits.
The maximum power transfer theorem states that maximum power is delivered from a source to a load when the load resistance is equal to the Thevenin equivalent resistance of the source as seen from the load terminals. This principle is crucial in ensuring that electrical systems operate efficiently by optimizing the power transferred to the load, connecting it seamlessly to concepts like equivalent circuits, impedance, and impedance matching.
Thevenin's Theorem: A method that simplifies a complex linear circuit to a simple equivalent circuit composed of a single voltage source and series resistance.
Impedance Matching: The practice of making the impedance of a load equal to the impedance of its source to maximize power transfer and minimize signal reflection.
Norton Equivalent Circuit: A representation of a complex circuit as an equivalent current source in parallel with a single resistance.
Norton's Theorem states that any linear electrical network with voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source in parallel with a single resistor. This theorem is essential for simplifying complex circuits, making analysis easier and more efficient, especially when dealing with multiple sources and loads.
Thevenin's Theorem: Thevenin's Theorem states that any linear circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source in series with a resistor.
Equivalent Circuit: An equivalent circuit is a simplified representation of a complex circuit that retains the same electrical behavior and characteristics as the original circuit.
Superposition Principle: The Superposition Principle allows for the analysis of circuits with multiple independent sources by considering the contribution of each source individually.
Norton equivalent current is the current that flows through a load connected to the terminals of a linear circuit when those terminals are shorted. This concept simplifies complex circuits into a single current source in parallel with a resistor, making analysis easier. Norton’s theorem is crucial for understanding how to simplify circuit analysis, particularly when dealing with parallel and series configurations of components.
Norton’s Theorem: A method used in circuit analysis that states any linear circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source in parallel with a resistor.
Thevenin Equivalent Voltage: The open-circuit voltage at the terminals of a linear circuit when all independent sources are active; it is used alongside Norton equivalent current to analyze circuits.
Load Resistance: The resistance of the component or device that consumes power from the circuit, influencing how current flows through the Norton equivalent circuit.
Norton equivalent resistance is the resistance seen by the load in a circuit when looking back into the terminals of a network that has been simplified to its Norton equivalent. This concept helps in analyzing complex circuits by converting them into simpler forms, making it easier to calculate currents and voltages. Understanding Norton equivalent resistance is essential for applying the Norton theorem, which states that any linear electrical network can be represented as an equivalent current source in parallel with a resistance.
Norton Theorem: A principle that states any linear circuit with voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source in parallel with a single resistor.
Thevenin Equivalent Resistance: The resistance seen by the load when looking back into the terminals of a linear circuit, simplified as a Thevenin equivalent circuit which consists of a single voltage source in series with a resistance.
Load Resistance: The resistance across which the output voltage is measured in a circuit, often represented by the component that consumes power from the source.