A dipole refers to a pair of equal but opposite charges separated by a distance. It can be formed within molecules or between two atoms.
Polar Molecule: A polar molecule has an uneven distribution of charge due to its dipole moment.
Electric Field: An electric field surrounds charged objects and exerts forces on other charged objects placed within it.
Ionization Energy: Ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.