Environmental Health Hazards to Know for Intro to Public Health

Environmental health hazards significantly impact our well-being and public health. Issues like air and water pollution, climate change, and chemical exposure threaten our health and ecosystems, making it essential to understand and address these challenges for a healthier future.

  1. Air pollution

    • Caused by emissions from vehicles, industries, and burning fossil fuels.
    • Major pollutants include particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
    • Linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and premature death.
  2. Water contamination

    • Occurs from industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and sewage leaks.
    • Common contaminants include heavy metals, pathogens, and chemicals like pesticides.
    • Can lead to serious health issues, including gastrointestinal diseases and neurological disorders.
  3. Soil pollution

    • Results from the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and improper waste disposal.
    • Contaminants can include heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
    • Affects food safety, ecosystem health, and can lead to land degradation.
  4. Noise pollution

    • Generated by traffic, industrial activities, and urban development.
    • Can cause hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and increased stress levels.
    • Linked to cardiovascular diseases and reduced quality of life.
  5. Radiation exposure

    • Can come from natural sources (like radon) or man-made sources (like medical imaging).
    • Prolonged exposure increases the risk of cancer and other health issues.
    • Safety measures are crucial in workplaces with radiation exposure.
  6. Climate change

    • Driven by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
    • Leads to extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and biodiversity loss.
    • Has significant public health implications, including heat-related illnesses and vector-borne diseases.
  7. Chemical hazards

    • Include exposure to toxic substances in the environment, such as industrial chemicals and pollutants.
    • Can cause acute and chronic health effects, including cancer and reproductive issues.
    • Regulatory measures are essential to minimize exposure and protect public health.
  8. Biological hazards

    • Involve exposure to pathogens, allergens, and toxins from living organisms.
    • Can lead to infectious diseases, allergies, and other health problems.
    • Important in public health surveillance and response strategies.
  9. Occupational hazards

    • Arise from unsafe working conditions, exposure to harmful substances, and physical risks.
    • Can result in injuries, chronic diseases, and mental health issues.
    • Workplace safety regulations and training are vital for prevention.
  10. Indoor air quality

    • Affected by pollutants such as mold, dust, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
    • Poor indoor air quality can lead to respiratory issues, allergies, and headaches.
    • Proper ventilation and air filtration are important for maintaining healthy indoor environments.
  11. Food safety and contamination

    • Involves risks from pathogens, chemicals, and physical hazards in food supply.
    • Can lead to foodborne illnesses, which affect millions annually.
    • Regulatory frameworks and safe food handling practices are essential for prevention.
  12. Waste management and disposal

    • Involves the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials.
    • Improper waste management can lead to environmental contamination and public health risks.
    • Sustainable practices are necessary to minimize waste and protect health.
  13. Pesticide exposure

    • Occurs through agricultural use, residential applications, and contaminated water.
    • Linked to health issues such as neurological disorders and cancer.
    • Integrated pest management strategies can reduce reliance on harmful pesticides.
  14. Heavy metal pollution

    • Results from industrial processes, mining, and improper waste disposal.
    • Common heavy metals include lead, mercury, and cadmium, which are toxic to humans.
    • Can cause serious health effects, including developmental and cognitive impairments.
  15. Endocrine disruptors

    • Chemicals that interfere with hormonal systems, found in plastics, pesticides, and personal care products.
    • Linked to reproductive health issues, developmental problems, and certain cancers.
    • Awareness and regulation are crucial to limit exposure and protect health.


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© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.