National Historic Preservation Act

Definition

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is a United States law enacted in 1966 aimed at preserving historical and archaeological sites. This act established the legal framework for the preservation of the nation’s cultural heritage and created a comprehensive program that encourages and facilitates the protection of historic resources, impacting both national and global heritage preservation efforts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The NHPA was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 15, 1966, marking a significant step in federal efforts to preserve America's cultural heritage.
2. The act established the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, which plays a vital role in promoting the preservation of historic resources and advising federal agencies.
3. One of the NHPA's main components is its requirement for federal agencies to take into account the potential impact of their actions on historic properties through the Section 106 process.
4. The NHPA has led to the designation of thousands of sites across the United States as historic landmarks, providing them with protection and recognition.
5. The act encourages public participation in preservation activities, emphasizing the importance of community involvement in maintaining historical and cultural significance.

Review Questions

• How does the National Historic Preservation Act influence local communities in their preservation efforts?
  • The National Historic Preservation Act empowers local communities by providing them with the framework and resources needed to protect their historical sites. Through programs like the National Register of Historic Places, communities can gain recognition for their unique cultural heritage. Additionally, public participation is encouraged, allowing residents to have a voice in preservation decisions that affect their local history and identity.
• Analyze the significance of Section 106 Review within the framework of the National Historic Preservation Act.
  • Section 106 Review is crucial as it mandates that federal agencies evaluate how their projects might impact historic properties. This process ensures that preservation considerations are integrated into federal project planning. It allows for public comment and involvement, fostering a collaborative approach to protecting historic sites. By requiring this review, the NHPA strengthens accountability and promotes awareness of cultural heritage issues within federal agencies.
• Evaluate how the National Historic Preservation Act has contributed to both national and global heritage preservation efforts since its enactment.
  • Since its enactment, the National Historic Preservation Act has not only shaped preservation practices within the United States but has also set a precedent for global heritage conservation efforts. By establishing comprehensive legal frameworks, best practices, and promoting public awareness about cultural heritage, it encourages other nations to adopt similar measures. The act's emphasis on collaboration between government bodies and communities can inspire international cooperation in safeguarding historical sites worldwide, highlighting its far-reaching impact beyond U.S. borders.

Related terms

Historic Register: The National Register of Historic Places is a list maintained by the National Park Service that recognizes significant historic places worthy of preservation.

Section 106 Review: A key provision of the NHPA that requires federal agencies to consider the effects of their projects on historic properties before proceeding.

State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO): A state-level office responsible for administering the NHPA and overseeing preservation efforts at the state level.