A formatted string literal, also known as an f-string, is a way to embed expressions inside string literals using curly braces {}. Introduced in Python 3.6, it allows for more readable and concise code.
% Formatting: An older method of formatting strings that uses the % operator to insert variables into a string.
str.format(): A method introduced in Python 2.7 and 3.0 that uses curly braces and the .format() function to format strings.
__format__ Protocol: A special method (__format__) used by objects to define how they should be formatted inside strings.