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🧪AP Chemistry
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🧪AP Chemistry

FRQs 1–3 – Long Answer
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Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties
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FRQ Types & Units

Each FRQ type tests specific skills taught in particular units. Here's why certain units appear for each question type:

This mapping reflects College Board's exam structure - each FRQ type tests specific skills that are taught in particular units.

Practice FRQ 1 of 351/35

2. Answer the following questions about a pure sample of Element Q, as shown in Figure 2.

The mass spectrum of Element Q is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 2. Photoelectron spectrum of Element Q (relative number of electrons vs. binding energy)

Figure 2

Figure 1. Mass spectrum of Element Q (relative intensity vs. mass-to-charge ratio, m/z)

Figure 1
A.
i.

Calculate the average atomic mass of Element Q based on the data in Figure 1.

ii.

Identify Element Q.

A student reacts a 0.562 g sample of Element Q with excess chlorine gas. The mass of the product, QClₓ, is 3.400 g.

B.
i.

Calculate the number of moles of chlorine (Cl) in the product QClₓ.

ii.

Determine the empirical formula of the product QClₓ.

A separate sample contains a mixture of QCl₄ (molar mass 169.9 g/mol) and QO₂ (molar mass 60.1 g/mol). The sample contains 2.00 mol of Q atoms total and has a mass of 190.0 g.

C.

Calculate the number of moles of QCl₄ in the mixture.

The photoelectron spectrum of Element Q is shown in Figure 2.

D.
i.

Write the complete ground-state electron configuration for an atom of Element Q.

ii.

The peak at 10 MJ/mol corresponds to electrons in the 2p sublevel, and the peak at 15 MJ/mol corresponds to electrons in the 2s sublevel. Explain why the peak at 10 MJ/mol is approximately three times the height of the peak at 15 MJ/mol.

E.
i.

Element Z is located directly to the right of Element Q in the periodic table. Is the first ionization energy of Element Z greater than, less than, or equal to the first ionization energy of Element Q? Justify your answer using Coulomb's law and atomic structure.

ii.

Element G is located directly below Element Q in the periodic table. Explain why the atomic radius of Element G is larger than the atomic radius of Element Q.

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Free Response Question Practice

This practice environment simulates the AP AP Chemistry Free Response Questions section. Here are some guidelines:

  • Read each question carefullybefore responding. Pay attention to command verbs like "identify," "explain," "analyze," or "evaluate."
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Tip: Answer all parts of each question. Partial credit is often available, so even if you are unsure, provide what you know.