Adrenal cortex

Definition

The adrenal cortex is the outer region of the adrenal glands, responsible for producing steroid hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. These hormones regulate metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and other essential functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The adrenal cortex is divided into three zones: the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.
2. Cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex helps in stress response by increasing blood sugar levels and suppressing the immune system.
3. Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium balance in the blood, thus influencing blood pressure.
4. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a crucial role in stimulating hormone production in the adrenal cortex.
5. Common disorders affecting the adrenal cortex include Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency) and Cushing's syndrome (excess cortisol).

Review Questions

• What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?
• How does cortisol affect metabolism and immune response?
• What role does aldosterone play in regulating blood pressure?

Related terms

Hypothalamus:

A brain region that controls various autonomic functions and links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

Pituitary Gland:

A pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that produces hormones affecting growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Addison's Disease:

A disorder where the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue and low blood pressure.