Abstract expressionism

Definition

Abstract expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the United States in the mid-20th century, characterized by spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. It emphasizes individual expression and the physical act of painting, often using large canvases and bold colors. This movement connects to Art Brut and Outsider Art through its rejection of traditional artistic values and its focus on personal experience and emotion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Abstract expressionism began in the late 1940s and became prominent in the 1950s, with New York City emerging as a major center for this art movement.
2. Key figures include artists like Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning, who pushed the boundaries of traditional painting techniques.
3. The movement rejected representational art and aimed to convey deep emotional experiences through abstract forms and colors.
4. Abstract expressionism influenced the recognition of Outsider Art by highlighting the value of raw emotion and individual perspective in artistic creation.
5. The movement's focus on spontaneity parallels the ideals of Art Brut, where artists express their thoughts and feelings without concern for conventional aesthetics.

Review Questions

• How does abstract expressionism reflect the emotional experiences of artists compared to traditional art forms?
  • Abstract expressionism emphasizes the artist's emotional journey and spontaneity, contrasting with traditional art forms that often focus on representational accuracy and technique. Artists like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko used bold colors and dynamic forms to convey their feelings directly onto large canvases. This approach allows viewers to connect with the raw emotions embedded in the artwork rather than just its visual representation.
• In what ways did abstract expressionism pave the way for the recognition of Art Brut within the broader art community?
  • Abstract expressionism challenged conventional definitions of art by valuing personal expression over technical skill, which helped to create an environment where Art Brut could be appreciated. By promoting works from self-taught artists who often created outside mainstream practices, abstract expressionists validated the emotional and instinctual aspects of art-making. This openness contributed to a greater acceptance of diverse artistic voices, including those found in Art Brut.
• Evaluate how abstract expressionism's focus on individuality influenced contemporary perceptions of Outsider Art today.
  • The emphasis on individuality in abstract expressionism has significantly shaped contemporary views of Outsider Art by advocating for authenticity in artistic practice. This movement’s recognition of emotional depth and personal narrative resonates with how Outsider Art is valued today. As society increasingly appreciates art that emerges from unique life experiences, abstract expressionism has laid a foundational understanding that legitimizes diverse creative expressions found in Outsider Art, leading to its growing acceptance and celebration within the broader art world.

Related terms

Art Brut: A term coined by Jean Dubuffet to describe art created outside the academic tradition, particularly by self-taught artists, often marginalized or institutionalized individuals.

Action Painting: A style of abstract expressionism where the artist's physical movement and gestures are an integral part of the artwork, emphasizing the act of painting itself.

Color Field Painting: A style within abstract expressionism that focuses on large areas of a single color or simple shapes, emphasizing the emotional impact of color.